If the employee is eligible, through reward and recognition or performance improvement, to receive higher wages, then minimum wage or being underemployed is a barrier to opportunities, not necessarily bullying. It is up to the employee whether to accept the minimum wage or develop a strategy to find the right match between the desired salary and present and future skills and competencies. Many organizations are offering career ladders and education reimbursement so that employees can be in charge of their development and advancement. There are indeed members of the workforce who work at minimum wage and to their fullest capacity, and society rewards them with financial compensation and benefits, as well as intangibles such as recognition for unmet needs and employee input. At this level, bullying or unfair displays of power occur when the minimum-wage worker is not fully informed of their options, so that choices are available if society offers realistic strategies for development. For example, not everyone is comfortable with attending college; however, an apprenticeship program or short-term certification may be a better fit for a person's preferred learning styles and goals.
Dr. Stewart
An Organizational Approach to Workplace Bullying
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